In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which need is considered the most basic?

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, the most basic need is food, which falls under physiological needs. These needs are foundational and involve the essentials required for survival, such as air, water, shelter, and food. According to Maslow's theory, until these physiological needs are met, individuals are less likely to focus on higher-level needs such as shelter, safety, love, and ultimately self-actualization. This shows that physical survival is of utmost priority, as these needs must be satisfied before a person can effectively pursue emotional, social, or esteem needs.

In contrast, self-worth, friendship, and protection are categorized as higher-level needs. Self-worth is associated with esteem needs, friendship relates to social needs, and protection is aligned with safety needs, each of which comes into focus only after basic physiological needs are fulfilled. Thus, food represents the starting point of the hierarchy where survival and physical well-being are concerned.